Hi, welcome to the safety concept of Super Operation monitoring.
Today we have
one hour to focus on the safety concept and this presentation presents 4 topics to all of you.
The job hazard,
the Dirty Dozen, the signs and notice and the near miss. In the end of this presentation,
I'll give you a real case for you to study.
Before we start today's presentation, I need to ask you a very simple question.
What is the safety means to you?
I heard many answers from different people that some people said that safety is a reaction.
And some people say safety is a pro-action.
And someone say it is a slogan, a slogan from their companies' safety campaign.
So what is the safety means to you?
When we look back on the accident database, we found two things.
The first one is more than 80% of the accident is caused by human error, so human makes error and the error caused the accidents.
And the second one is
the accident database formed a flow and that flow looks like a pyramid from top-down or from the bottom-up, and there are many levels in this pyramid, so each level connecting to each others and it looks like
the error chain.
So, this chain can be broken by the process of action, and this process of action is called safety process.
So safety process is the action to prevent something bad from happening.
So now you understand the safety is a process of action and when you getting used to this process of action and you will build up your own safety awareness.
And safety awareness
by all means is the biggest single factor to reduce the chance of the accident, not the PPE.
PPE means personal protective equipment.
And that PPE can reduce the impact, but PPE cannot prevent
the accident from happening. So...
You must heard a lot of persons say that some person said that incident, someone said accident.
So what's the difference between incident and accident?
We need to firstly clear this.
So incident
is a process where the accident is the result of the process. OK, so the accident form looks like this from the top to the bottom.
In average, every fatality case we can found ten serious incidents.
So on the top, this is an accident and 10 serious
it will be an incident.
And then we can find 30 minor incidents,
followed by a series of 600 near misses,
and 300,000 unsafe acts.
So here's the pyramid.
This looks familiar to you.
But, can you distinguish what is the unsafe act and what is the near miss?
By looking at this graphic,
we can very easily identify the environment, the condition. We start from the far left.
You can see a forklift with those boxes on top, so this forms an unsafe condition which is unsafe environment.
If you walk right underneath
these boxes
and you are presenting an unsafe action.
If the box falls from the top, but the boxes did not hit you,
and you are lucky, this is a near miss.
But if the boxes had hit you,
unfortunately this is an accident.
So, every single job
needs to be analyzed.
So analysis of what? Analyze the job hazard.
So every job has its own hazard.
So what is the job hazard?
The job hazard basically is an initial risk assessment where the assessor judges that the hazard identified pose risks which are trivial in nature.
So if you do this
job hazard well
and very detailed, then no more detailed risk assessment is needed.
So how to make a job hazard analysis?
There are four basic steps that we can follow.
Of course, the first one you need to select the task, the job to be analyzed.
Once you select the jobs to be analyzed, then you must be able to breakdown the jobs into a sequence of steps.
OK, once you break down the jobs and then you focus on each small jobs that you should identify the potential hazard.
So once you see all these hazards then focus on each hazard you need to determine the risk control measure.
When you understand
and familiar on making a job hazard,
then all of a sudden you realize that actually
every single job should be subject to a job hazard analysis.
But when you're making the job hazard,
there are four basic steps which are human related conditions.
Then you need to consider the first one is carelessness.
What is the carelessness?
It means, for example, there is a job that you are very familiar with and you know how to do this job very well.
So you will pay less attention on it.
This is not wrong things.
This is a human nature.
So once you have a
carelessness and this is
this is where job hazards coming from.
The second one is
the lack of awareness of existing hazard.
Because you know this job very well,
and you tend to ignore the hazard because you think you can handle the hazard.
So this is the lack of awareness of existing hazard and this is where the hazard coming from.
The third one is deliberate disregard safety rules and notices that mean
when the company tells you don't do this in this way,
but you think I prefer in this way?
It will save time.
It will be
it will be more efficient.
So, you choose another way.
And this is where the hazard is coming from.
The last one is lack of knowledge.
Means you don't have the knowledge to perform this job or this is the job that you first time to be assigned.
And in this condition,
this is where the hazard is coming from.
OK.
Let us try to look at some pictures and you need to tell me what have you identified by looking at this picture.
The first picture we saw, a tugboat towing a vessel with two wires.
So just looking at this picture tell me what did you see and what
you don't see from this picture.
What did you see on this picture?
Of course.
We see mooring lines
lying on the deck.
And we see two towing wires
on the deck.
And we see two fenders
on the deck.
And what we don't see.
This is a working platform with wires and ropes arranged, we don't see working platform.
And no snapback area being identified and marked.
You don't see any marking
on the deck.
And no warning signs posted around you.
You don't see any dangerous poster on the deck.
And this area is unsafe area, so you don't see any warning mark
in this area.
OK, how about this one?
What did you see from this picture?
You saw an officer with the crew is working on a sea water hydrant.
So what did you see?
The officer is not wearing a safety helmet, correct?
The officer is not wearing gloves.
The officer is not wearing safety goggles.
OK, so how about this?
We saw a tugboat lifting looks like a buoy.
They're working on the platform.
And there's a crew
leaning against on the ship's hull and there's a door wide open. It means the crew may fall into sea water at any time.
So tell me, what did you see?
This crew did not wear life jacket, correct?
And this is a dangerous zone, the working platform.
But there is no marking
on it so people
don't see the marking, they will focus on lifting the sea buoy and then tend to forget that
they are in a dangerous zone.
OK, one more.
How about this picture?
Tell me what you have seen on this picture.
We see two people working on mooring operation.
But, this crew seems not wearing the safety helmet.
And he's definitely not wearing gloves.
And there is no marking of the snapback zone also.
OK by now,
you should have the concept of the safety.
And understand how to make job hazard on each job.
So you realize that every single job needs to be analyzed
on its own hazard, so let me give you a perfect example.
Let's say today you are assigned to inspect and check on the water ballast tank number 1 port side with your colleagues.
So you make job hazard plus maybe risk assessment and then you perform the job today.
And by tomorrow you assign a very
simple job on checking the water ballast tank number one on starboard side.
Do you have to make another job hazard?
Of course yes,
because the tank location is different.
The time and date of inspection is different.
Maybe the colleagues, your teammate is different.
So definitely you need to make
a brand new job hazard and a risk assessment.
So we move.