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Hi, welcome to the safety concept of Super Operation monitoring.

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Today we have

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one hour to focus on the safety concept and this presentation presents 4 topics to all of you.

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The job hazard,

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the Dirty Dozen, the signs and notice and the near miss. In the end of this presentation,

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I'll give you a real case for you to study.

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Before we start today's presentation, I need to ask you a very simple question.

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What is the safety means to you?

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I heard many answers from different people that some people said that safety is a reaction.

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And some people say safety is a pro-action.

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And someone say it is a slogan, a slogan from their companies' safety campaign.

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So what is the safety means to you?

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When we look back on the accident database, we found two things.

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The first one is more than 80% of the accident is caused by human error, so human makes error and the error caused the accidents.

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And the second one is

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the accident database formed a flow and that flow looks like a pyramid from top-down or from the bottom-up, and there are many levels in this pyramid, so each level connecting to each others and it looks like

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the error chain.

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So, this chain can be broken by the process of action, and this process of action is called safety process.

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So safety process is the action to prevent something bad from happening.

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So now you understand the safety is a process of action and when you getting used to this process of action and you will build up your own safety awareness.

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And safety awareness

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by all means is the biggest single factor to reduce the chance of the accident, not the PPE.

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PPE means personal protective equipment.

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And that PPE can reduce the impact, but PPE cannot prevent

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the accident from happening. So...

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You must heard a lot of persons say that some person said that incident, someone said accident.

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So what's the difference between incident and accident?

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We need to firstly clear this.

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So incident

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is a process where the accident is the result of the process. OK, so the accident form looks like this from the top to the bottom.

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In average, every fatality case we can found ten serious incidents.

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So on the top, this is an accident and 10 serious

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it will be an incident.

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And then we can find 30 minor incidents,

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followed by a series of 600 near misses,

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and 300,000 unsafe acts.

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So here's the pyramid.

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This looks familiar to you.

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But, can you distinguish what is the unsafe act and what is the near miss?

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By looking at this graphic,

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we can very easily identify the environment, the condition. We start from the far left.

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You can see a forklift with those boxes on top, so this forms an unsafe condition which is unsafe environment.

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If you walk right underneath

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these boxes

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and you are presenting an unsafe action.

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If the box falls from the top, but the boxes did not hit you,

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and you are lucky, this is a near miss.

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But if the boxes had hit you,

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unfortunately this is an accident.

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So, every single job

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needs to be analyzed.

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So analysis of what? Analyze the job hazard.

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So every job has its own hazard.

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So what is the job hazard?

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The job hazard basically is an initial risk assessment where the assessor judges that the hazard identified pose risks which are trivial in nature.

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So if you do this

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job hazard well

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and very detailed, then no more detailed risk assessment is needed.

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So how to make a job hazard analysis?

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There are four basic steps that we can follow.

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Of course, the first one you need to select the task, the job to be analyzed.

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Once you select the jobs to be analyzed, then you must be able to breakdown the jobs into a sequence of steps.

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OK, once you break down the jobs and then you focus on each small jobs that you should identify the potential hazard.

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So once you see all these hazards then focus on each hazard you need to determine the risk control measure.

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When you understand

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and familiar on making a job hazard,

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then all of a sudden you realize that actually

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every single job should be subject to a job hazard analysis.

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But when you're making the job hazard,

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there are four basic steps which are human related conditions.

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Then you need to consider the first one is carelessness.

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What is the carelessness?

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It means, for example, there is a job that you are very familiar with and you know how to do this job very well.

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So you will pay less attention on it.

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This is not wrong things.

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This is a human nature.

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So once you have a

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carelessness and this is

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this is where job hazards coming from.

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The second one is

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the lack of awareness of existing hazard.

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Because you know this job very well,

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and you tend to ignore the hazard because you think you can handle the hazard.

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So this is the lack of awareness of existing hazard and this is where the hazard coming from.

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The third one is deliberate disregard safety rules and notices that mean

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when the company tells you don't do this in this way,

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but you think I prefer in this way?

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It will save time.

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It will be

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it will be more efficient.

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So, you choose another way.

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And this is where the hazard is coming from.

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The last one is lack of knowledge.

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Means you don't have the knowledge to perform this job or this is the job that you first time to be assigned.

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And in this condition,

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this is where the hazard is coming from.

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OK.

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Let us try to look at some pictures and you need to tell me what have you identified by looking at this picture.

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The first picture we saw, a tugboat towing a vessel with two wires.

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So just looking at this picture tell me what did you see and what

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you don't see from this picture.

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What did you see on this picture?

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Of course.

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We see mooring lines

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lying on the deck.

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And we see two towing wires

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on the deck.

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And we see two fenders

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on the deck.

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And what we don't see.

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This is a working platform with wires and ropes arranged, we don't see working platform.

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And no snapback area being identified and marked.

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You don't see any marking

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on the deck.

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And no warning signs posted around you.

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You don't see any dangerous poster on the deck.

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And this area is unsafe area, so you don't see any warning mark

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in this area.

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OK, how about this one?

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What did you see from this picture?

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You saw an officer with the crew is working on a sea water hydrant.

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So what did you see?

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The officer is not wearing a safety helmet, correct?

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The officer is not wearing gloves.

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The officer is not wearing safety goggles.

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OK, so how about this?

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We saw a tugboat lifting looks like a buoy.

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They're working on the platform.

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And there's a crew

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leaning against on the ship's hull and there's a door wide open. It means the crew may fall into sea water at any time.

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So tell me, what did you see?

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This crew did not wear life jacket, correct?

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And this is a dangerous zone, the working platform.

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But there is no marking

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on it so people

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don't see the marking, they will focus on lifting the sea buoy and then tend to forget that

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they are in a dangerous zone.

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OK, one more.

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How about this picture?

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Tell me what you have seen on this picture.

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We see two people working on mooring operation.

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But, this crew seems not wearing the safety helmet.

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And he's definitely not wearing gloves.

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And there is no marking of the snapback zone also.

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OK by now,

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you should have the concept of the safety.

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And understand how to make job hazard on each job.

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So you realize that every single job needs to be analyzed

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on its own hazard, so let me give you a perfect example.

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Let's say today you are assigned to inspect and check on the water ballast tank number 1 port side with your colleagues.

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So you make job hazard plus maybe risk assessment and then you perform the job today.

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And by tomorrow you assign a very

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simple job on checking the water ballast tank number one on starboard side.

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Do you have to make another job hazard?

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Of course yes,

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because the tank location is different.

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The time and date of inspection is different.

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Maybe the colleagues, your teammate is different.

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So definitely you need to make

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a brand new job hazard and a risk assessment.

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So we move.